The treatise deals with translation-invariant operators on various function spaces (including Besov, Lebesgue-Bôchner, and Hardy), where the range space of the functions is a possibly infinite-dimensional Banach space X. The operators are treated both in the convolution form T f = k ∗ f and in the multiplier form in the frequency representation, T^f = m f̂, where the kernel k and the multiplier m are allowed to take values in ℒ(X) (bounded linear operators on X). Several applications, most notably the theory of evolution equations, give rise to non-trivial instances of such operators. Verifying the boundedness of operators of this kind has been a long-standing problem whose intimate connection with certain randomized inequalities (the noti...