The authors wish to thank all participants in this study, the Scottish Medical Education Research Consortium (SMERC), NHS Education for Scotland (Scottish Deanery) and Professor Tim Dornan, Queens University Belfast, who contributed to the initial stages of data analysis in his role as Visiting Professor for SMERC. All authors contributed to the study conception and design. LG contributed to data collection and analysis and wrote the first draft of the paper and edited various iterations. All VRE data collection stages were undertaken by LG. CER also contributed analysis and edited each iteration of the paper. JK and JC contributed to data analysis and also commented on various iterations of the paper. This research was part of LG’s Ph.D. r...