Optimization of synthesis gas production from municipal solid waste

Industrijski razvoj in gospodarska rast temeljita na veliki rabi energije, pridobljene večinoma iz neobnovljivih virov, predvsem iz fosilnih goriv. Tako kot prizadevanja za uporabo obnovljivih virov energije, so tudi vedno večji pritiski glede odlagališč odpadkov in njihovega recikliranja. Ena od možnosti za zmanjšanje količin odpadkov na odlagališčih je njihovo sežiganje, pri tem pa nastajajo snovi, ki se dajo koristno uporabiti, kot je sintezni plin. Namen magistrske naloge je bila simulacija proizvodnje sinteznega plina iz trdnih komunalnih odpadkov s programom Aspen Plus pri različnih obratovalnih pogojih (temperatura, tlak) reformerjev oziroma pirolizatorjev ter nadaljnja optimizacija teh pogojev s programom GAMS. Najprej smo izvajali simulacije s spreminjanjem temperature in tlake v procesnih enotah, kjer smo proizvajali sintezni plin iz zemeljskega plina in/ali bioplina in/ali celuloze. Iz dobljenih temperaturnih in tlačnih odvisnosti smo narisali diagrame, iz katerih smo dobili odvisnosti za vse komponente. Dobljene rezultate smo nato uporabili pri programiranju s programom GAMS. Z optimiranjem v programu GAMS, smo določali optimalno temperaturo in tlak obratovanja, pri namenski funkciji, ki išče maksimalni dobiček, pri čemer smo določili tudi razmerje surovin, iz katerih lahko proizvajamo sintezni plin (zemeljski plin ali bioplin, celuloza, polietilen).Industrial development and economic growth are based on large energy consumption which is mainly obtained from non-renewable resources, mostly from fossil fuels. There are efforts for using renewable energy resources as well as from day to day larger pressures about landfills and waste recycling. There is one of possibilities to reduce the amount of waste on landfills – waste incineration. It can produce useful substances like synthesis gas. The main purpose of this master\u27s degree was a simulation of manufacturing synthesis gas from municipal solid waste with the help of Aspen Plus program and considering various operating conditions (temperature, pressure) reformers or pirolizators and further optimisation of these conditions with GAMS program. First we implemented simulations concerning temperature and pressure changes in processing units in which we produced synthesis gas out of natural gas and/or biogas and/or cellulose. We draw diagrams according to obtained temperature and pressure dependences and so we gathered dependences for all components. Obtained results were used for programming with GAMS program. By optimizing in GAMS program we specified optimal temperature and pressure operation in objective function, which searches maximum gain – we also determined the ratio of raw materials, suitable to produce synthesis gas out of (natural gas, biogas, cellulose, polyethylene)