The Right to Strike and its Restrictions

V magistrskem delu je obravnavana pravica do stavke. V prvem delu je slednja umeščena v zgodovinski in pravni kontekst, v nadaljevanju pa so predstavljeni pravni viri, v katerih je urejena. Sledi vsebinska predstavitev pravice do stavke s poudarkom na sistematično razvrščenih aktualnih vprašanjih iz prakse in teorije, z vidika slovenske pravne ureditve. Najprej je podana definicija stavke, pri kateri je poudarjena razlika med tipično obliko stavke in drugimi oblikami stavk, ki se od tipične razlikujejo po objektivnih in subjektivnih elementih. Pri tem so vzpostavljeni kriteriji za ločevanje stavke od drugih industrijskih akcij, ki niso varovane s pravico do stavke. Slednja je sicer lahko priznana sindikatom ali delavcem, ureditve v mednarodnih aktih pa se glede tega vprašanja razlikujejo. Prvi del zaokrožuje podpoglavje o pravnih posledicah stavke za stavkajoče, ki se lahko odražajo na delovnopravnem in odškodninskem področju ali celo področju kaznovalnega prava. Ker je pravico do stavke potrebno v nekaterih primerih omejiti ali celo prepovedati, so v drugem poglavju obravnavane možnosti omejevanja pravice do stavke. Omejevanje do neke mere predstavlja tudi ureditev načina njenega izvrševanja, v okviru katere se predpišejo postopkovna pravila za izvedbo zakonite stavke. Za omejevanje gre prav tako v primeru, ko se za izvedbo zakonite stavke zahteva, da je ta nujna, primerna in sorazmerna za dosego cilja. Vsi obravnavani mednarodni akti dopuščajo omejitev pravice do stavke nekaterim kategorijam delavcev, bodisi po objektivnem, bodisi subjektivnem kriteriju. Gre za omejitve v javnem interesu, s katerimi se omeji ali celo prepove pravica do stavke nekaterim kategorijam delavcev v javnih službah in državnim uslužbencem. Omejitve pravice do stavke so pogosto določene v času veljavnosti kolektivnih pogodb, zato je v magistrskem delu obravnavana dopustnost takšnega omejevanja, na koncu pa je obravnavana še dopustnost omejevanja pravice do stavke v času vojne ali nacionalne krize.This master\u27s thesis deals with the right to strike. The first part presents the right to strike in a historic and legal context and discusses the related legal sources. Further on it focuses on systematically classified current issues from both theory and practice in Slovene law. It provides a definition of a strike, pointing to the difference between a typical strike and other types that differ in terms of objective and subjective elements. It also touches on the criteria used for distinguishing between a strike and other industrial actions that are not protected by the right to strike, which is recognised for trade unions or workers. However, different international acts deal with this issue differently. The first part concludes with a subchapter on the legal consequences of a strike for the participants, which may emanate in the areas of labour law, compensation or even criminal law. That being said, the right to strike must in certain cases be restricted or even prohibited. To this end, the second chapter discusses the possibility of restricting the right to strike. To some extent, the conditions for the exercise of this right are actually restrictive due to the procedural rules governing a lawful strike. This right is also restricted when a strike must be deemed necessary, appropriate and proportionate in order to achieve the goal and be lawful. The relevant international acts allow for the restriction of the right to strike for certain categories of workers in line with objective or subjective criteria. Such restrictions are in the public interest and are used to restrict or even prohibit the right to strike to certain categories of state employees and workers in public services. Restrictions to the right to strike are often limited for the duration of collective agreements. To this end, this master\u27s thesis examines the admissibility of such restrictions in general and in times of war or national crises