MACUS TULLIUS CICERO - AS A LAWYER

Diplomska naloga opisuje Marka Tulija Cicera kot pravnika. Izviral je iz podeželske plemiške družine, v kateri mu je bilo že v otroških letih omogočeno učenje latinščine in grščine. Njegova nadarjenost je pritegnila pozornost nekaterih največjih rimskih in grških intelektualcev. Med študijem v Rimu in v Grčiji je absorbiral znanja starih grških filozofov, pesnikov, govornikov in pravnikov, ki jih je kasneje v latinščini posredoval širokemu krogu ljudi. Pridobljena znanja je uporabil pri svojem delu med njegovo pisateljsko, filozofsko, politično, govorniško in pravniško kariero. Pri opravljanju funkcije kvestorja, edila, pretorja in konzula se je zavzemal za enake pravice vseh ljudi. Na pravnem področju je nastopal kot uspešen zagovornik, tožilec in pretor. V različnih sodnih postopkih je zastopal pravice šibkejših in nasprotoval protipravnemu izkoriščanju. Obsojal je dejanja proti državi, korupcijo pri najvišjih predstavnikih oblasti, volilnih kampanijah, izkoriščanje prebivalcev provinc, poneverbe in ponarejanja denarja, uboje in zastrupitve ter povzročanje javnega nereda in nasilja, kar so bile pogoste kršitve ob koncu republike. Cicerov slog pravne argumentacije in impresivnega sodnega govorništva sta bila uspešna pri dokazovanju krivde ali nedolžnosti obsojenca, kar sta bili edini možni sodbi tedanjega časa. Med konzulskim mandatom je Cicero ukinil smrtno kazen in jo nadomestil z izgonom iz države za obdobje desetih let. Njegovi spisi in korespondenca so pomemben vir proučevanja rimskega kazenskega prava. Cicero se je zavzemal za obstoj republike, ki pa je propadla kmalu po njegovi smrti.The thesis describes Marcus Tullius Cicero as a lawyer. He originated from the rural noble family, what enabled him to study Latin and Greek already in his early childhood. His talent attracted the attention of some of the greatest Roman and Greek intellectuals. During his studies in Rome and Greece he absorbed the knowledge of the ancient Greek philosophers, poets, lawyers and orators, whose knowledge he later forwarded in Latin to wide circles of people. He used all the acquired knowledge in his work during his writer\u27s, philosophical, political, rhetorical, and lawyer’s career. In carrying out his functions as the Questor, Edil, Pretor and Consul he was committed to ensuring the rights of all people. In the legal field, he acted as a successful advocate, prosecutor and judge. In various court proceedings he represented the interests of the weak and opposed their exploitation. He condemned actions against the state, corruption of the highest representatives of government and electoral campaigns, extortion of the provinces population, embezzlement and forgery of money, killing, poisoning and causing public disorder and violence, which were common crimes at the end of the Republic. Cicero’s style of legal reasoning and impressive judicial rhetoric was always successful in proving the guilt or innocence of the convict, which were the only possible judgments at the time. During his consulate mandate, Cicero managed to abolish the death penalty and replaced it with expulsion from the country for a period of ten years. His writings and correspondence are an important source of studying Roman criminal law. Cicero has argued for and advocated the existence of the Republic, which collapsed soon after his death