RESIDENCE AND WORK PERMIT

Migracije so zakonite, kadar tujci pridejo in prebivajo v določeni državi v skladu s pravnim redom oz. predpisi države. Zakonite migracije potekajo največkrat iz ekonomskih razlogov pa tudi iz drugih razlogov. V iskanju boljših ekonomskih pogojev se migrantom v državi gostiteljici pogosto pridružijo še družinski člani. Področje migracij je urejeno z nacionalno zakonodajo, primarno in sekundarno zakonodajo EU ter z drugimi mednarodnimi obveznostmi, ki zavezujejo države. V Sloveniji položaj vstopa in prebivanja tujcev ureja Zakon o tujcih, ki je bil v obdobju samostojnosti Slovenije večkrat spremenjen in usklajen z evropskim pravnim redom. Tudi področje dela tujcev v RS ureja poseben zakon, Zakon o zaposlovanju in delu tujcev. Splošno načelo v EU je svoboda gibanja. Državljani EU za vstop v RS ne potrebujejo vizuma ali dovoljenja za prebivanje, temveč samo veljaven dokument, na podlagi katerega lahko vstopijo v RS ne glede na razlog prebivanja. Do teh mesecev lahko prebivajo na ozemlju države članice že samo na podlagi dejstva evropskega državljanstva. Po poteku dovoljenega prebivanja pa morajo pri pristojni upravni enoti prijaviti prebivanje. Državljanu EU se prijava prebivanja lahko zavrne, če bi njegovo prebivanje pomenilo resno in dejansko nevarnost za javni red in varnost. Tudi za družinske člane državljanov EU, ki so tretji državljani, zakonodaja predvideva lažje pogoje za ureditev statusa tujca v RS, saj lahko, če v RS prebivajo zakonito, vlogo za prvo dovoljenje za prebivanje vložijo po vstopu v RS. Državljani EU, kot tudi njihovi družinski člani, imajo prost dostop do trga dela v RS in lahko nastopijo delo zgolj na podlagi prijave v socialno zavarovanje. Določene omejitve veljajo v času prehodnega obdobja za hrvaške državljane. Nasprotno za državljane tretjih držav in njihove družinske člane veljajo drugačna pravila. Državljani tretjih držav za vstop v RS potrebujejo vizum, razen, če so državljani držav, za katere v skladu s pravnim redom EU, vizum ni potreben. Če želijo v RS prebivati iz enega od upravičenih razlogov, pa morajo pred vstopom v RS pridobiti prvo dovoljenje za prebivanje, enako velja za njihove družinske člane. Državljanom tretjih držav se dovoljenje za prebivanje zavrne že, če obstajajo razlogi za domnevo, da se ne bo podrejal pravnemu redu. Tretji državljani, ki v RS prihajajo iz ekonomskega razloga, si morajo pridobiti enotno dovoljenje za prebivanje in delo. Enotno dovoljenje za prebivanje in delo je dovoljenje za začasno prebivanje in delo, ki tujcu omogoča da vstopi, prebiva in dela v RS. Tretji državljani, razen državljanov BIH, za delo v RS ne potrebujejo več delovnega dovoljenja, temveč upravna enota v postopku izdaje enotnega dovoljenja, po uradni dolžnosti, pridobi soglasje zavoda, glede na vrsto zaposlitve ali dela. Zavod lahko soglasje umakne, če tujcu zaposlitev preneha.Legal migration means that foreigners come and live in a particular country in accordance with the law or state regulations. Legal migration is taking place mostly for economic reasons but also for other reasons. Migrants are in the host country often joined by family members in search of better economic conditions. Migration is regulated by national legislation, primary and secondary EU legislation and other international obligations which bind the states. In Slovenia, the entering and residing of foreigners are governed by the Aliens Act which is harmonized with the EU legislation. Also work of foreigners in the Republic of Slovenia is governed by a special law, the Law on Employment and Work of Aliens. A general principle od EU is freedom of movement. EU citizens do not need a visa or residence permit to enter the RS, but only a valid document, regardless of the purposes for entry or residence in the RS. As citizens of EU they can live in the RS for three months without registration. After that they should file an application at the relevant administrative unit fot the issue of a residence registration certificate. The residence registration of EU citizen can be refused if his residence means a genuine threat to public order and security. Also for family members of EU citizens who are third-country nationals, the law provides more favourable conditions for regularization an alien status in the Republic of Slovenia. If they live in RS legally they can apply for the issue of a Residence Registration Certificate after entering the RS. EU citizens, as well as their family members, have free access to the labor market in Slovenia and may start to work only on the basis of an application to the social insurance. Certain restrictions apply during the transitional period for Croatian citizens. On the other hand, there are different rules for third-country nationals and their family members. Third-country nationals for entry into the Republic of Slovenia require a visa, unless they are citizens of countries which, in accordance with the EU legislation, visa is not required. If they and their family members want to reside in the Republic of Slovenia for one of the legitimate reasons, they must obtein a first residence permitt before entering the state. Third-contry nationals a residence permitt may be refused, inter alia, if there are reasons to belive that it will not abide the acquis of RS. Third-country nationals who come to the Republic of Slovenia for economic reasons must obtain a single residence and work permit. A single residenece and work permit allows to enter, reside and work in the RS. Third nationals, except citizens of Bosnia and Hercegovina, for work in the RS no longer need a work permit. The administrative unit, as a matter of course, obtains the agreement of the Employment Service of Slovenia for granting a single permit, related to foreigner status or the nature of work. The Institute may withdraw the agreement, if the foreigner employment is terminated