FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS ACCORDING TO THE DECISION OF THE ECJ IN CASE ALANDS VINDKRAFT

Zagotoviti prost pretok blaga med državami članicami brez ovir je temeljno načelo Evropske unije. Prost pretok blaga zajema tudi prost pretok električne energije, kljub temu, da bi marsikdo najverjetneje podvomil v elektriko kot pojem blaga. Sodišče EU je v sodni praksi potrdilo, da je elektrika blago. Posledično to pomeni tudi, da so ukrepi, ki omejujejo električno energijo, zajeti v obseg členov Pogodbe o delovanju EU, ki urejajo prost pretok blaga in prepovedujejo kakršnekoli ukrepi, ki bi to preprečevali. Poleg zagotovitve prostega pretoka blaga, je tudi vzpostavitev skupnega energetskega trga eden izmed najpomembnejših ciljev Evropske unije, EU pa si za vzpostavitev omenjenega trga prizadeva znotraj energetske politike EU. V okviru energetske politike si EU poleg tega, da si prizadeva vzpostaviti skupni energetski trg, prizadeva tudi spodbujati uporabo obnovljivih virov energije, kar je posledica vedno večje zavesti o pomembnosti varstva okolja in nevarnosti podnebnih sprememb. Obnovljivi viri energije so danes eden izmed najpomembnejših elementov za doseganje enega izmed v sodobnem času najpomembnejšega cilja EU, tj. varstva okolja in preprečevanja podnebnih sprememb. Kljub prizadevanjem EU za skupni energetski trg, pa ta cilj ostaja še naprej le cilj, ki ga je potrebno doseči v prihodnosti. Tudi sama zakonodaja EU, predvsem Direktiva 2009/28/ES o spodbujanju uporabe obnovljivih virov energije, ki je trenutno eden izmed najpomembnejših aktov na tem področju, upočasnjuje doseganje tega cilja. Direktiva namreč dopušča državam članicam ukrepe, ki omejujejo prost pretok električne energije, pri čemer pa se postavlja vprašanje skladnosti sekundarne zakonodaje s primarno zakonodajo EU. Družba Ålands Vindkraft je finski proizvajalec električne energije in je zaprosila za dodelitev zelenih certifikatov za proizvajanje električne energije iz obnovljivih virov na Švedskem. Švedski nacionalni program podpore, ki določa dodelitev zelenih certifikatov za proizvajanje elektrike iz obnovljivih virov, pridržuje upravičenost do dodelitve zelenih certifikatov za družbe, ki proizvajajo električno energijo iz obnovljivih virov, ki se nahajajo na švedskem ozemlju. Družba Ålands Vindkraft je vložila tožbo pri Upravnem sodišču v Linköpingenu zoper švedsko agencijo za energijo Energimyndigheten, pri čemer je trdila, da švedsko pravo s tem, ko pridržuje dodelitev zelenih certifikatov le za domače proizvajalce električne energije iz obnovljivih virov, krši člen 34 PDEU in da tak ukrep ne more biti opravičen na podlagi varstva okolja. Upravno sodišče je kasneje postavilo tri ključna predhodna vprašanja Sodišču EU. Sodišče EU je v sodbi sicer ugotovilo, da nacionalni program podpore Švedske za spodbujanje nacionalne proizvodnje zelene električne energije, ki je v skladu z Direktivo 2009/28/ES, da gre za ukrep z enakim učinkom, kot ga imajo količinske omejitve, vendar pa je poudarilo, da je ukrep opravičen iz razloga varstva okolja. Sodišče EU je torej neposredno diskriminatoren ukrep opravičilo na podlagi obvezne zahteve in ne na podlagi 36 PDEU.To ensure the free movement of goods between Member States without barriers is a fundamental principle of the European Union. Free movement of goods also includes the free movement of electricity, despite the fact that many people probably questioned the concept of electricity as goods. EU Court\u27s case-law confirmed that the electricity commodity. Consequently, this also means that the measures restricting electricity included in the scope of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU, governing the free movement of goods and prohibiting any action that would prevent this. In addition to ensuring the free movement of goods, is the establishment of a common energy market is one of the most important objectives of the European Union, while the European Union to establish that market efforts within the EU energy policy. In the context of energy policy, the EU, in addition to seeking to establish a common energy market, is also working to promote the use of renewable energy sources as a result of the increasing awareness of the importance of environmental protection and the dangers of climate change. Renewable energy sources are today one of the most important elements for achieving one of the most important in modern times the EU target, ie. environmental protection and combating climate change. Despite the efforts of the EU common energy market, but this goal remains a goal that has to be reached in the future. Herself EU legislation, in particular Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of renewable energy sources, which is currently one of the most important instruments in this field, slowing down the achievement of this objective. The Directive does allow the Member States measures that restrict the free movement of electricity, while the question of compliance of secondary legislation with EU primary law. The company Ålands Vindkraft is a Finnish electricity generator and has applied for a green certificates for electricity generation from renewable sources in Sweden. Swedish national support scheme, which provides for the granting of green certificates for the production of electricity from renewable sources, reserves eligibility for the grant of green certificates to companies that produce electricity from renewable sources, which are located on Swedish territory. The company Ålands Vindkraft has filed a lawsuit with the Administrative Court in Linköpingen against the Swedish Energy Agency Energimyndigheten, arguing that Swedish law in that it reserves the granting of green certificates only to domestic producers of electricity from renewable sources, in breach of Article 34 TFEU and that such a measure can not be justified on the basis of environmental protection. The Administrative Court subsequently raised three key preliminary issues to the CJEU. CJEU in its judgment admittedly concluded that the national support program of Sweden to promote national production of green electricity, which is in accordance with Directive 2009/28/EC, it is a measure having equivalent effect to a quantitative restriction, but It pointed out that the measure is justified on the ground of environmental protection. CJEU is thus directly discriminatory measure apology on the basis of mandatory requirements and not on the basis of 36 TFEU