International audienceThis article seeks to clarify doubts regarding an epithet commonly associated with Simón Bolívar, namely «father of the country» [padre de la patria]. It offers an analysis of the particular context in which it was applied in the time of independence movements, as a means to a clearer understanding of the paradoxes in the heroisation of a figure who came to be worshipped almost as a demi-god throughout a continent. To that end we emphasise the use of this term in New Granada beginning in the 16th century: then, founders of townships and presidents of the Real Audiencia were hailed as new Romuluses until a more Augustan sense of the term came into preferential use in the latter years of the 18th century. During the «New...