FPGA implementation of the mix algorithm for state-of-charge estimation of Lithium-ion batteries

This paper describes the hardware implementation of a model-based State-of-Charge (SoC) estimation algorithm for Lithium-ion batteries. SoC estimation is essential to evaluate the remaining runtime of the battery, as well as to enhance its safety and life expectancy. Model-based SoC estimation is a good solution to the problem, but only offline tests have been presented so far. In this work, the SoC estimation algorithm is implemented on an FPGA device, following an innovative and automatic development flow, which starts from a MATLAB/Simulink model of the algorithm. The SoC estimation hardware block is combined with a soft-core processor to form a System on a Programmable Chip. Experimental results obtained exerting the battery with a current profile that simulates its operation in an electric vehicle are presented and discussed