Perioperativna skrb bolesnica oboljelih od raka dojke

Rak dojke je najčešća zloćudna bolest u žena. On je na prvom mjestu uzroka smrti od svih zloćudnih bolesti. Budući da se pravi uzrok nastanka raka dojke pouzdano ne zna i pripisuje se mnoštvu čimbenika, primarna prevencija još uvijek nije dostatna u sprječavanju raka dojke. Stoga je svugdje u svijetu naglasak na njegovu ranom otkrivanju. Spriječiti rak dojke nažalost nije moguće, pa je stoga vrlo važno što ranije otkriti bolest. Medicinska sestra ovlaštena je obavljati sve zadatke opće sestrinske djelatnosti, uključujući unapređenje zdravlja, prevenciju bolesti, zdravstveno - odgojne aktivnosti, a može se uključiti i u istraživačke aktivnosti. Kao profesija, zastupljena je u primarnoj, sekundarnoj i tercijarnoj razini zdravstvene zaštite i ima mogućnosti ali i obvezu da svojim postupcima i aktivnostima pridonese unapređenju zdravlja, prevenciji bolesti kao i ublažavanju stanja uzrokovanog bolešću. Početak liječenja žena s rakom dojke obično je kirurško liječenje. Sama spoznaja da imaju zloćudnu bolest i da je operativni zahvat osnovna metoda liječenja bolesti, izaziva kod žena niz vrlo teških emocionalnih reakcija. Pružanje psihološke potpore i pomoći ne samo bolesnici nego i njenoj obitelji predstavlja vrlo važan segment u cjelokupnom procesu liječenja. I iznimno je važno da zdravstveni djelatnici svih specijalnosti i razina s kojim se bolesnica tijekom svog liječenja susreće imaju barem najosnovnije spoznaje o teškom stanju u kojem se ona nalazi. Uvođenjem procesa zdravstvene njege i primjenom načela u perioperativnoj zdravstvenoj skrbi, medicinska sestra primjenjuje intervencije zasnovane na temeljima cjelovitog, humanističkog i individualističkog pristupa, prliagođavajući svoje aktivnosti potrebama, željama i navikama bolesnice.Breast cancer is the most common malignant illness in women. It is in the first place as a cause of death from all malignant illnesses. Seeing that the real cause of breast cancer is not definitely known and is attributed to many different factors, primary prevention is still not enough in breast cancer prevention. For this reason, everywhere in the world the emphasis is on its early discovery. Prevention of breast cancer is unfortunately not possible, and for this reason it is really important to discover the illness as soon as possible. The nurse is authorized to perform all the tasks of general nursing activities, including health promotion, disease prevention, health - education activities, and can be included in research activities. As a profession, it is represented in the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of health care and she has opportunities as well as a commitment that her actions and activities contribute to health promotion, disease prevention and mitigation of the state caused by the disease. The beginning of treatment of women with breast cancer is usually surgical treatment. Simply knowing that they have a malignant illness and that the surgical treatment is the basic treatment method, causes a series of grave emotional reactions in women. Offering psychological support and help not only to the patient but also to her family represents a very important segment in the whole treatment process. It is extremely important that the health professional of all specialties and levels that the patient meets during her treatment, have at least the most basic comprehension about the grave state she is in. By introducing the process of health care and the application of the principles in pre-surgical care, nurse applies interventions based on the foundations of complete, humane and individual approach, by adjusting her activity to the needs, wishes and habits of the patient