Inflammatory bowel disease

Spektar upalnih bolesti crijeva čine ulcerozni kolitis, Crohnova bolest i neklasificirana upalna bolest crijeva. Simptomi ovi bolesti snaţno utječu na tjelesno, fizičko i psihosocijalno funkcioniranje oboljelih, što često uključuje intestinalne tegobe poput mučnine, povraćanja, proljeva, svjeţu krv u stolici, bol u području abdomena, neţeljeni gubitak tjelesne mase i mnoge druge simptome. Ulcerozni kolitis karakterizira kontinuirana kronična upala sluznice rektuma i kolona. Crohnova bolest je kronična upalna bolest crijeva nepoznate etiologije koja moţe zahvatiti bilo koji dio probavne cijevi, od usne šupljine do anusa. Neklasificirana upalna bolest crijeva je termin koji opisuje bolesnike u kojih se ni nakon detaljne evaluacije ne moţe razlikovati radi li se o ulceroznom kolitisu, Crohnovoj bolesti ili nekom drugom obliku kolitisa. Klinički pristup bolesniku s upalnim bolestima crijeva uključuje nekoliko koraka: postavljanje dijagnoze, definiranje fenotipa, ocjenu proširenosti i aktivnosti bolesti, detekciju ekstraintestinalnih manifestacija te ocjenu djelotvornosti ranije korištene terapije. S obzirom na čestu hospitalizaciju bolesnika veliku ulogu u zdravstvenom timu ima medicinska sestra, koja svojim stručnim znanjem i vještinama kroz zdravstvenu njegu i edukaciju pomaţe bolesniku u rješavanju njegovih problema. Zdravstvena njega bolesnika s upalnim bolestima crijeva ovisi o fenotipu bolesti i stupnju zahvaćenosti crijeva, a prvenstveno o općem stanju bolesnika.The spectrum consisting of inflammatory bowel diseases are ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease and unclassified inflammatory bowel disease. Symptoms of these diseases strongly affect physical and psychosocial functioning of patients, often involving intestinal complaints such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fresh blood in the stool, pain in the abdomen, unwanted weight loss, and many other symptoms. Ulcerative colitis is characterized by continuous chronic inflammation of the lining of the rectum and colon. Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the anus. Unclassified inflammatory bowel disease is a term that describes patients in which, following a detailed evaluation, can not be distinguish whether it is ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease or some other form of colitis. The clinical approach to patients with inflammatory bowel disease involves several steps: diagnosis, defining phenotype, assessment of the extent and activity of disease, detection of extraintestinal manifestations and evaluation of the effectiveness of previously used therapies. Due to frequent hospitalization major role in the health team has a nurse, who with particular knowledge and skills through health care and education helps the patient in dealing with its problems. Nursing of patients with inflammatory bowel disease depends how much is intestine affected and primarily on the general condition of the patient