This thesis presents the recent progress on the FORCA-G (FORce de CAsimir et Gravitation à courte distance) experiment which aims at measuring short range forces between an atom, trapped in a vertical optical lattice, and a mirror. Stimulated Raman transitions are used to induce coherent transport between adjacent lattice sites to perform atom interferometry in order to measure with very high sensitivity, shifts in the Bloch frequency \nu_B, which is the potential increment between two lattice sites. For low atomic densities, we demonstrate a local force sensor with state-of-the art relative sensitivity on the Bloch frequency of \delta\nu_B/ \nu_B = 1.8x10-6 at 1 s. The recent use of evaporative cooling, in order to increase the number of a...