Investigating the Inquisition. Controlling sexuality and social control in 18th century Italy

This article investigates the actions of the 18th century Roman Inquisition, looking at controlling sexuality and social control in particular. To this end, it examines the actions of an \u201catypical\u201d outlying tribunal: the Modena tribunal. In the 1700s, the tribunal\u2019s activities did not decline, as the number of trials held increased. Possible reasons for this anomaly and its characteristics are illustrated in response to certain questions: what instructions did Modena receive from the Holy Office in Rome? What was the Modena tribunal\u2019s actual reaction? The article demonstrates the existence of not only a discrepancy between the Roman Congregation\u2019s instructions and the behaviour of the judges in Modena, but also differing priorities regarding which crimes to pursue. The Modena anomaly is compared with other Italian inquisitorial offices, identifying idiosyncrasies and points of convergence: in the case of Modena \u2013 capital of the Duchy of Modena \u2013 it seems the Inquisition acted as a tool of social control and moralisation, alongside a relatively weak political power. Lastly, the case in question highlights a methodological matter: the documentation from Rome (e.g. correspondence with local inquisitions) does not reflect the reality of events in the outlying offices, thus requiring caution and, where possible, verification, when used. \ua