Development of a Simple Conductivity Meter for Testing Ground Materials

The main object of this project is to calculate the electrical conductivity of different samples of water and study the electrical properties of soil. The device Vector Network Analyser has been discussed which is used to measure complex impedance like the soil impedance which is a function of soil conductivity and soil permittivity. The electrical model equivalent to soil has been discussed. The measurement of dielectric constant has been discussed through the use of capacitive sensor technique and phase delay measurements. A conductance measurement circuit is discussed which takes in to the use of a conductance sensor. Also a novel technique for calculating conductivity of different water samples have been discussed using two metallic plates as electrodes which act as our conductivity sensor. Results also have been obtained using the sam