Explaining the relationship between atmospheric cues and behavior in a Masstige context. The role of income

This paper extends the body of marketing research on the role of \u201cLipstick Effect\u201d on consumers\u2019 decisions, within a New Luxury context: fast fashion jewellery, as an emblematic example of New Luxury goods. Originally conceptualized by Silverstein and Fiske (2003), New Luxury (particularly, its masstige goods category) apply marketing techniques traditionally employed by prestige brands (e.g., creating an aura of exclusivity), to commoditized product categories. Lipstick Effect has not been widely considered by academic research. During hard economic times, people tend to buy less expensive prestige goods. The \u201cLipstick Effect\u201d (e.g., Nelson, 2001; Jonathan, 2008), first observed in cosmetics, has been noticed in major downturns such as the Great Depression, and the 2008 crisis (Creasey, 2011). Once the answer to more sophisticated and wealthy customers (Silverstein and Fiske, 2002, 2003), after the 2008 recession masstige goods are increasingly considered by lower-income customers as their only alternative for self-indulgence purchases (Chen, 2014). This paper considers masstige goods as one of the most visible market response to the Lipstick Effect. To explore the impact of Lipstick Effect, this paper uses income as a moderating variable on consumers\u2019 store perceptions (product quality, staff, and atmospherics) in a New Luxury context. 488 questionnaires have been collected within stores of an Italian jewellery retail chain. Results show that the perception of store atmosphere still appears to be stronger for higher income consumers; lower-income consumers put a greater emphasis on more material attributes of the offering