Concise Review: Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Cells, A Promisingă Cell Source for Therapy of Heart Failure: Where Do We Stand?

International audienceHeart failure is still a major cause of hospitalization and mortality ină developed countries. Many clinical trials have tested the use ofă multipotent stem cells as a cardiac regenerative medicine. The benefită for the patients of this therapeutic intervention has remained limited.ă Herein, we review the pluripotent stem cells as a cell source foră cardiac regeneration. We more specifically address the variousă challenges of this cell therapy approach. We question the cell deliveryă systems, the immune tolerance of allogenic cells, the potentială proarrhythmic effects, various drug mediated interventions to facilitateă cell grafting and, finally, we describe the pathological conditions thată may benefit from such an innovative approach. As members of aă transatlantic consortium of excellence of basic science researchers andă clinicians, we propose some guidelines to be applied to cell types andă modes of delivery in order to translate pluripotent stem cell cardiacă derivatives into safe and effective clinical trials