Article Desertion, Terrain, and Control of the Home Front in Civil Wars

This article examines desertion in civil wars, focusing on the role of combatants’ hometowns in facilitating desertion. Analyzing data from the Spanish Civil War, the article demonstrates that combatants who come from hill country are considerably more likely to desert than combatants whose hometowns are on flat ground. This is because evasion is easier in rough terrain. The finding implies that the cohesion of armed groups depends on control, not just positive incentives, and that control of territory in civil wars goes beyond rebel–government contestation, and consists also of control behind the lines. The article bridges micro and macro approaches to civil wars by indicating the multiple uses to which individuals can put structural conditions like rough terrain. This helps to clarify the macro-level link between rough terrain and civil war. It also shows that micro-level research can profitably examine struc-tural variables alongside individual characteristics and endogenous conflict dynamics. Keywords civil wars, internal armed conflict, military power, rebellion, social networks Under what circumstances do combatants in civil wars desert? This article addresses this question with a focus on characteristics of combatants ’ hometowns. Specifically, the article demonstrates that combatants who come from rough ter-rain are considerably more likely to desert than combatants whose hometowns ar