Review Article Recent advances of biosensors in biomedical sciences

A b s t r a c t This review discusses recent advances in biosensor technology which draw on the disciplines of physics, chemistry, biochemistry and electronics. We first show that a biosensor consists of three components, a biological detection system, a transducer and an output system. Biological receptors are reviewed, followed by a detailed discussion of transducers, optical, electrochemical, piezoelectric, and others which involve interesting physics and show particular promise for commercial biosensors, are discussed thoroughly. New developments in biosensor design are appearing at a high rate as these devices play increasingly important roles in daily life. We describe a new technology, the Ibis T5000, for the identification of pathogens in clinical and environmental samples; a novel ion channel switch biosensor (ICSB), offers a rapid and sensitive immunodiagnostic for viral detection at point-of care; Chip-NMR, new diagnostic platforms have been developed to measure biomolecule abundance with high sensitivity; Graphene has attracted strong scientific and technological interest in recent years. Finally, future trends in biosensor development are discussed. In this context, bioelectronics, miniaturization, and especially biotechnology seem to be growing areas that will have a marked influence on the development of new biosensing strategies in the next future