RESEARCH ARTICLE To know or not to know: influence of explicit advance knowledge of occlusion on interceptive actions

Abstract This study examined how explicit advance knowledge might influence adaptive behavior to visual occlusions. Catching performance and kinematics of good ball catchers were compared between no, early and late occlusion trials. Discrete visual occlusions of 400 ms, occurring early or late in the ball’s approach trajectory, were randomly interspersed between no occlusion trials. In one condition, the presence and type of occlusion were announced a priori (expected), whereas in another condi-tion no such information was provided (unexpected). Expectation of occlusion resulted in an adapted limb transport and increased grasping time, whereas in the unexpected condition a higher peak of wrist velocity was evident for all occlusion conditions. The observed different adaptations cannot be explained by trial-by-trial adapta-tions alone and instead provide evidence for the influence of explicit advance knowledge in the motor response of interceptive actions