Article Association of Plasma Des-acyl Ghrelin Levels with CKD

Background and objectives There are no effective therapies for malnutrition in CKD/ESRD patients. This study hypothesized that ghrelin, an endogenous orexigenic hormone, would correlate with renal function and might suggest therapeutic interventions for CKD/ESRD malnutrition. Design, setting, participants, & measurements Fifty-one CKD and 15 hemodialysis patients were enrolled. Acyl ghrelin (AG) and des-acyl ghrelin (DG) were determined using separate two-site–specific assays. Leptin, insulin, growth hormone, insulin-link growth factor-1, C-reactive protein, TNF-a, and IL-6 were also measured. Results Univariate correlation analyses showed that CKD stage was highly, positively correlated with the levels of preprandial and postprandial DG and positively correlated with TNF-a, IL-6, leptin, and age. Multivariate partial-correlation analyses showed that CKDwas independently associated with the proportion of preprandial and postprandial DG, whereas TNF-a, IL-6, leptin, insulin, and age were not independently associated with either. Geometric mean (GM) preprandial and postprandial AG were comparable between CKD stages #2 and.2, whereas GM preprandial DG and postprandial DG were 1.95-fold and 2.17-fold greater, respectively, for CKD stage.2 versus stage#2. DGwas the dominant form of ghrelin preprandially and postprandially for both CKDstages#2 and.2. Dialysis hadno effect onAG, but reducedDGby 73 % to levels even lower (GM48.7pg/ml) than those seen postprandially in CKD stage #2 patients (GM 77.0 pg/ml). Conclusions This study shows a strong and independent correlation of DG with CKD stage. Postprandial sup-pression of ghrelin is impaired with reduced renal function. Hemodialysis selectively removes DG but not AG