The forgotten role of the global newsreel industry in the long transition from text to television

Political communication scholars often mark the increasing popularity of electronically broadcast news film as a dividing line between a text-based information culture that survived through World War II and a visually oriented electronic information culture that was in place by the late 1960s. Yet this standard view is incomplete, for it neglects a forgotten but extremely popular worldwide system of visual news reporting based on documentary film shorts. A global system for distributing twice-weekly newsreels was already in place before the First World War, nearly half a century before television news would begin to attract large national audiences and seven decades before CNN would begin distributing news footage once again to all corners of the world. This article aims to reorient political communication scholarship to the historical importance of the newsreel medium and to direct political communication scholars to the rich trove of newsreel film stock that recently became available for analysis. Keywords newsreels, documentary short films, pretelevision news broadcasts, soft news, global news broadcasting We like to think of the visual news industry of the late twentieth and early twenty-first century as a one-of-a-kind system: the first to transmit the same moving images of newsmakers and events to every corner of the world, the first to expose large por-tions of the world’s population to moving images about news of the day, and the firs