Apport de la modélisation STAMP dans l'analyse des risques et la prévention des accidents : le cas des opérations d’enlèvement sur les FPSOs

International audienceIn order to understand an accident process in a highly technological system, it is necessary to take into consideration the complexity of the underlying feedback structure. In highly complex sociotechnical systems, such as those encountered in the petroleum industry, new types of safety issues and disastrous failure modes cannot be addressed within the traditional approach of accident analysis. Indeed, accident analysis cannot rely solely on the cause-effect approach, but must also take into account the safety control structure in addition to the process of enforcement of safety constraints in the system. It is therefore necessary to seek new approaches that reveal not only the control structure of the system (i.e. retroaction between system components over time), but also to understand the processes of regulation and safety that govern its behavior. Recent developments in systems theory and in particular the STAMP model, based on the control theory developed by the team led by Professor Nancy Leveson of MIT, allow to cover three basic concepts (safety constraints, hierarchical safety control structure and process models) when dealing with accident analysis. Collectively, these combined models help reveal the dynamic behavior that triggers the migration of the system in an accidental process. Indeed, by identifying the safety control structure and the safety constraints that were violated due to inadequate decisions and control actions, accidents can be understood more accurately. The aim of our research work is to provide a viable methodology based on system thinking and system theory approach for the analysis of accidents in the oil and gas industry. In this paper STAMP approach is applied to analyze an accident that occurred to an oil and gas marine installation.STAMP est une nouvelle approche inventée par le MIT pour modéliser les accidents. Elle reprend les théories des systèmes et de la cybernétique développées au milieu, du XXe siècle. La démarche consiste à l’élaboration d’une analyse des risques sur les actions commandées par les systèmes de contrôle (automatisé, semi-automatisé avec superviseur humain),. Cette approche se démarque du paradigme utilisé dans les industries pétrolières et gazière puisqu’elle permet de parcourir l’ensemble de la structure sociotechnique d’un système pour comprendre l’accident. Ce modèle permet de mieux évaluer la contribution des facteurs technique, humain et organisationnel à l’accident. Dans ce papier le modèle STAMP est utilisé pour analyser l’accident survenu sur un FPSO du Golfe de guinée