Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Induces Mucosal Addressin Cell Adhesion Molecule–1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule–1, Providing an Immunologic Link between the Fallopian Tube and Other Mucosal Tissues

The development of a protective vaccine against the sexually transmitted disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis may prevent complications associated with insidious infection. Vac-cination via the vaginal route may not be practical, and other routes should be investigated. To this end, the adhesion molecules induced on the fallopian tube endothelium during infection with C. trachomatis were characterized. Adhesion molecules were identified in fallopian tube biopsy specimens cultured with infection-forming units of C. trachomatis serovar E.65 10 Frozen sections were prepared from these tissues and were stained by immunohistochemical techniques. Infection with live, but not UV-inactivated, C. trachomatis induced a significant increase in levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule–1 and the mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule–1 but not of other adhesion molecules. Therefore, infection with C. trachomatis induces adhesion molecules that are associated with other mucosal tissues and inflammatory sites, which suggests that mucosal routes of immunization may be effective. Recurrent or chronic sexually transmitted infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis result in pelvic inflammatory disease, ec-topic pregnancy, or tubal infertility in ∼10%–40 % of infecte