Diabetes 2015;64:1682–1687 | DOI: 10.2337/db14-1370

to examine fresh pancreatic tissue at the diagnosis of type 1 diabetes for the presence of viruses. Minimal pancreatic tail resection was performed 3– 9 weeks after onset of type 1 diabetes in six adult patients (age 24–35 years). The presence of entero-viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) and the expression of class I HLA were investigated by immunohistochem-istry. Enterovirus RNA was analyzed from isolated pancreatic islets and from fresh-frozen whole pan-creatic tissue using PCR and sequencing. Nondia-betic organ donors served as controls. VP1 was detected in the islets of all type 1 diabetic patients (two of nine controls). Hyperexpression of class I HLA molecules was found in the islets of all patients (one of nine controls). Enterovirus-specific RN