Applications of Digital Elevation Models and Geographic Information Systems to Coastal Flood Studies along the Shoreline

Geographic information systems (GIS) are increasingly used in coastal hazard research for coastal management and for analysis of information following major storm events because of their ability to evaluate multiple data sets. Digital flood zone data sets and qualitative post storm flood water level observations exist for Raritan Bay, New Jersey, an urban estuary. A desktop GIS is used to overlay different digital data sets containing flood zone information and determine the number and length of roads that are within the flood zone. The elevation of the 1 % probability flood zone on the digital elevation model is determined from a long-term tidal record at Sandy Hook, New Jersey and roads flooded during a major coastal storm in December 1992. In this article, 1 % probability flood zones, also called the 100-year flood zone, are calculated using digital elevation models and compared to 1 % probability flood zones from the Federal Emer-gency Management Agency and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. The 1 % probability flood is typically used for flood zone management. The results indicate that digi-tal elevation models and GIS can be used to identify roads that would be flooded by the 1 % probability flood comparable to roads found on existing flood zone maps