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Abstract — South America has emerged in recent years as one of the most dynamic regions for natural gas and electricity development. The continent boasts natural gas reserves and high-growth energy markets. The need to diversify away from heavy investments in hydropower and expensive oil is driving many countries to promote the use of natural gas, especially for power generation. On the other hand, challenges are being observed such as competition between hydro- and thermal generation, the breaking of cross-country natural gas agreements, competition between natural gas and other resources for power generation and electric transmission, and others. More recently, LNG started to be considered an option to ensure the adequacy of natural gas supply for power generation. Brazil and Chile are leading the implementation process of regasification facilities. However, the region has also potential to become an exporter of LNG in the medium-term once the potential gas reserves that require deep drilling become commercially available. This paper discusses the introduction of LNG in South America, focusing on the markets, the prices and the security of supply. Index Terms-- Power system economics, electricity-gas integration, natural gas, liquefied natural gas planning