Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:133–8. Printed in USA. © 2003 American Society for Clinical Nutrition 133 Serum lycopene concentrations and carotid atherosclerosis: the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study1–3

Background: Interest in lycopene is growing rapidly following the recent publication of epidemiologic studies in which high cir-culating lycopene concentrations were associated with reductions in cardiovascular disease. Lycopene is one of the major carotenoids in the Western diet and is probably one of the protec-tive factors in a vegetable-rich diet. Objective: We studied the hypothesis that the intima-media thick-ness of the common carotid artery (CCA-IMT) would be greater in men with low serum lycopene concentrations. Design: We investigated the relation between serum lycopene con-centration and CCA-IMT in 1028 middle-aged men (aged 46–64 y) in eastern Finland who were participants in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor study and who were examined in 1991–1993. The subjects were classified into quarters according to serum lycopene concentration. Results: In a covariance analysis with adjustment for covariates, the men in the lowest quarter of serum lycopene concentration had a significantly higher mean CCA-IMT and maximal CCA-IMT (P = 0.005 and P = 0.001 for the difference, respectively) than did the other men. The mean and maximal CCA-IMT increased lin-early across the quarters of serum lycopene concentration. Conclusions: A low serum lycopene concentration is associated with a higher CCA-IMT in middle-aged men from eastern Fin-land. This finding suggests that the serum lycopene concentra-tion may play a role in the early stages of atherosclerosis. Increased thickness of the intima-media has been shown to pre-dict coronary events; thus, lycopene intakes and serum concen-trations may have clinical and public health relevance. Am