Impaired Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)–Specific Interferon-γ Responses in Individuals With HIV Who Acquire HCV Infection: Correlation With

Studies examining the effect of coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) on the HCV-specific immune response in acute HCV infection are limited. This study directly com-pared acute HCV-specific T-cell responses and cytokine profiles between 20 HIV/HCV-coinfected and 20 HCV-monoinfected subjects, enrolled in the Australian Trial in Acute Hepatitis C (ATAHC), using HCV peptide enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) and multiplex in vitro cytokine production assays. HIV/ HCV coinfection had a detrimental effect on the HCV-specific cytokine production in acute HCV infection, particularly on HCV-specific interferon γ (IFN-γ) production (magnitude P =.004; breadth P =.046), which correlated with peripheral CD4+ T-cell counts (ρ = 0.605; P =.005) but not with detectable HIV viremia (ρ = 0.152; P =.534). Coinfectionwith human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) has detrimental effects on HCV disease progression, including increased HCV RNA levels, promotion of viral persistence in primary infection, and faster progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma [1]. HIV/HCV coinfec