Glycemic Control in Simultaneous Islet-Kidney Versus Pancreas- Kidney Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetes: A Prospective 13-Year Follow-up Diabetes Care 2015;38:752–759 | DOI: 10.2337/dc14-1686 OBJECTIVE

In patients with type 1 diabetes and end-stage renal disease, combined transplan-tation of a kidney togetherwith a pancreas or isolatedpancreatic islets are options to improve glycemic control. The aim of this study was to compare their long-term outcome with regard to metabolic control and surgical complication rate, as well as function of the transplanted kidney. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study in consecutive patients receiving either a pancreas or islet transplant simultaneously with or after kidney trans-plantation (simultaneous pancreas-kidney [SPK]/pancreas-after-kidney [PAK] or simultaneous islet-kidney [SIK]/islet-after-kidney [IAK] transplantation). RESULTS Ninety-four patients who had undergone SPK/PAK transplantation were com-pared with 38 patients who had undergone SIK/IAK transplantation over a period of up to 13 years. HbA1c levels declined from 7.8 6 1.3 % (62 6 14 mmol/mol) to 5.9 6 1.1 % (41 6 12 mmol/mol), and from 8.0 6 1.3 % (64 6 14 mmol/mol) t