Nicotine & Tobacco Research

This, coupled with the fact that smoking continues to be a problem among HIV-infected individuals in the United States, suggests that smoking-related comorbidities could become more prevalent in this population of patients. Furthermore, there is evidence to sug-gest that serious non-AIDS events, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer, are now more prevalent than serious AIDS events in the HIV-infected population ( Neuhaus et al., 2010). The prevalence of current smoking among HIV-infected individuals ranges between 40 % and 85 % across various studies ( Lifson et al., 2010; Marshall et al., 2011; Tesoriero, Gieryic, Carrascal, & Lavigne, 2010); these estimates for the HIV-infected population are several fold higher than the current 20 % overall prevalence in the United States ( Barnes, Ward, Freeman, & Schiller, 2011). Specifi cally, the U nited S tates as a whole has never witnessed a smoking prevalence as high as some of thes