© 1986 The Council for Exceptional Children. Classwide Peer

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to discuss classwide peer tutoring as an effective instructional procedure. The article is organized into three major sections: [a] general principles of instruction, (bj description of classwide peer tutoring procedures, and (c) review of effectiveness data concerning classroom process (i.e., ecological and behavioral factors) and student achievement outcomes. It concludes with a discussion of the procedure and areas of future research and application. • T h e classwide peer tutoring system devel-oped at the Juniper Gardens Children's project is, in large part, the result of efforts to improve instruction for minority, disadvantaged, and/or learning disabled children. This procedure has been developed through programmatic re-s e a r c h over the last 10 years. This research is beginning not only to yield important facts about school failure and achievement, but to demonstrate principles and procedures that are basic to effective instruction. T h e purpose of this article is to provide an overview of these principles, procedures, and research. In doing so, it will describe princi-ples of instruction that have been developed, describe how the procedures are implemented, and provide a brief review of studies that demonstrate effectiveness of the approach