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he oil industry in Brazil has progressed from the dream for self-sufficiency in oil begun in the 1930s to the country’s attainment of that vision in 2006. During this period, Brazil has experienced not only changes in government leadership differing in political priorities, but also diverse forms of political leadership, to include democracy, military junta, and dictatorship. This paper focuses on the premise that despite changes in the type of Brazil’s governmental leadership—and their respective political priorities and economic policies—the nation has engaged in a continual movement toward the fulfillment of the vision of self-sufficiency in oil. It has achieved this goal through a relatively consistent and self-adjusting set of policies and practices. In this paper, “continual ” is operationally defined, as it is in the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary (Stevenson, 2007, p. 505), as “forming a connected whole ” and “perpetually existing or acting. ” Thus, it is posited that the adherence to its self-sufficiency-in-oil vision by seemingly competitive, if not conflictive, leadership models has resulted in the progressive development of Brazil’s oil industry, and in turn, its economy. For the purposes of this paper, economic development will be measured by GDP growth rate (See Appendix A, Figure A1). Th