on Flexural Behaviour of Railway Concrete Sleeper under Severe

Interactions between the wheel of rolling stocks and the rail often generate interfacial impact forces to railway tracks. The dynamic impact loads are of very high magnitude but short duration, and are caused by either wheel or rail abnormalities such as flat wheels, dipped rails, etc. Although the possibility of the large impact loading to cause an extreme failure to an in-situ concrete sleeper could be very low about once or twice in the design life cycle, the damage of track components especially for the concrete sleepers is often observed. The railway sleeper is a major component of railway tracks. Its role is to distribute the load from the rails to the underlying ballast bed. Up to current knowledge, the behaviour of the in-situ prestressed concrete sleepers under the impact loading has not yet been thoroughl