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In sum, complexity describes the interdependent interactions of agents within CAS, agents with CAS, and CAS with CAS. The primary unit of analysis in these interactive dynamics is, however, the CAS itself, and the behaviors of agents are always understood within the context of CAS. CAS are unique and desirable in that their heterogeneous, interactive, and interdependent structures allow them to quickly explore and consolidate solutions to environmental pressures. They require new models of leadership because problem solving is performed by appropriately structured social networks rather than by groups coordinated by centralized authorities. As Mumford & Licuanan (2004) put it, effective leadership influence in conditions requiring creativity occurs through indirect mechanisms and through interaction. Complexity is a science of mechanisms and interaction and is embedded in context. Mechanisms can be described as the dynamic behaviors that occur within a system such as a complex adaptive system. As defined by Hernes (1998), mechanisms are “a set of interacting parts—an assembly of elements producing an effect no