In this study, we conveyed a literature review about defence transformation efforts of several armed forces. Literature review is summarized in the following topics: Transformation aspect, the need for transformation, the methods/methodology used, and activities done/will be done in the future. Following the literature review, we give some information about the lessons learned so far about transformation activities. 1.0 INTRODUCTION: TRANSFORMATION VERSUS PROCESS IMPROVEMENT The word “transformation ” means “a complete change in someone or something ” according to a dictionary [1]. When the term “transformation ” comes to the military environment, it refers to the whole military system including process implemented, personnel involved, doc...