108 REVIEW ARTICLES Role of Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in Defense Against Herpes Simplex Virus Infections

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) to cells infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a mechanism of destruction of these cells by a combination of antiviral antibody and immunoglobulin Fereceptor-positive leukocytes. It has been well defined in vitro as a rapid lytic response utilizing minute amounts of IgG antibody. In vitro studies have shown ADCC restric-tion of the spread of virus. In vivo studies using adoptive transfer of human or murine ADCC effector cells plus antibody and ADCC-active, nonneutralizing F(ab 1h antibody fragments or monoclonal antibodies have demonstrated the important role of this response in animal models ofHSV infection. In humans, ADCC effector function and/or antibody levelshave been associated with the outcome of infection, especially in immunocompromised patients and neonates. Recon-stitution of this mechanism with appropriate antibodies or cytokines in high-risk hosts, with the resultant amelioration of severe HSV infection, will validate ADCC as a critical component of antiviral defense. Cooperation between antibody and polymorphonuclear leu-kocytes to facilitate opsonophagocytosis is an important an-tibacterial defense mechanism. The coming together of th