Ethnic Conflicts.

ii The failure by the world bodies to provide regime systems that guarantee minority protection is not only due to shortcomings in the peace building processes, but the overall situation based on colonial structural bearings. In the domain of human rights and political freedom; the fundamental principles of rights of individual and or a group of individual who regard themselves different, particularly on conditions arising from geophysical factors. The perpetual social, political and economic crises in the emerging African economies postcolonial conflicts have caused the region enormous pain and incredible human sufferings. The human and resource manifestation costs have been exorbitant. Thus, the region must take stocks to put its structures and functions on a firm, solid and sustainable foundation. Prof Khadigala in Moeletsi Mbeki (189,2011) remark, “African countries seemed to confirm the argument of being unprepared for democracy by virtue of the existence of narrowly based elites who often mobilised their ethnic constituencies against challenges within the same territorial boundaries”