Intrinsic Problems with Constructive Empiricists??? Critiques of Inference to the Best Explanation

??????????????? ??????(inference to the best explanation)??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????. ????????? ???????????????(van Fraassen, 1989; Ladyman et al., 1997)??? ?????? ?????????????????? ??????(argument from a bad lot)??? ????????????????????? ??????(argument from indifference)??? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????? ??????????????????. ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????, ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????. ????????? ????????? ????????????. van Fraassen??? ????????????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????. Ladyman ?????? ????????????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????. ?????? ??? ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????, ?????????, ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. Inference to the best explanation is one of the methods to establish scientific knowledge. Constructive empiricists (van Fraassen, 1989; Ladyman et al., 1997) run the argument from a bad lot and the argument from indifference against inference to the best explanation. I argue that there are intrinsic problems with the arguments. In the argument from a bad lot, the conclusion does not follow from the premise because the conclusion is a normative statement and the premise is a statement about a mere possibility. There is a problem with the premise of the argument from indifference by van Fraassen. No reason is provided for thinking that the unconceived rival theories actually take up a significant portion of the probability space. In the argument from indifference by Ladyman et al., the conclusion does not follow from the premise. From a mere possibility that there are unconceived rival theories, it does not follow that our belief in the truth of the best of conceived rival theories is unwarranted.clos