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In this article we review ethnographic research on the Internet and computer-mediated communication. The technologically mediated environment pre-vents researchers from directly observing research participants and often makes the interaction anonymous. In addition, in the online environment direct interaction with participants is replaced by computer-screen data that are largely textual, but may include combinations of textual, visual, aural, and kinetic components. We show how the online environment requires adjustments in how ethnographers define the setting of their research, con-duct participant observation and interviews, obtain access to settings and research subjects, and deal with the ethical dilemmas posed by the medium