Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance Are Associated with Chronic Kidney Disease in Nondiabetic Adults with Abdominal Obesity

Aims: we investigate whether insulin resistance is associated with an increased prevalence for chronic kidney disease irrespective of the concurrent presence of metabolic syndrome. Methods: 1638 patients with abdominal obesity were selected. Metabolic syndrome and abdominal obesity were defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Insulin resistance was defined by Homeostasis Model Assessment Index>P75. Chronic kidney disease was defined by the presence of a low estimated glomerular filtration rate (<60 ml/min/1.73 m) or microalbuminuria (30 mg/g- 300 mg/g. albumin/creatinine ratio). Results: metabolic syndrome was present in 1030 (62.9%) patients and insulin resistance in 787 (48%). Conversely 61 % of those with metabolic syndrome were insulin resistant and 79 % of those with insulin resistance had metabolic syndrome. Chronic kidney disease was present in 18%. In multivariate analysis, chronic kidney disease was increased in subjects with insulin resistance (odds ratio OR = 1.350; CI 95%: 1.021- 1.785; p = 0.035) and in those with metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.417; CI 95%: 1.045- 1.922; p = 0.025). Con-clusions: Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance were significant and independently associated with chronic kidne