in riparian management zones in northern Minnesota, USA

Keywords: Riparian forests are valued for the functional role they have in sustaining water quality and aquatic habitat, for their contribu-tions to biodiversity, and for the timber and recreation resources they provide (Gregory et al., 1991; Palik et al., 1999). A challenge integrity o ian forests, while managing these forests for timber and resources. Sustaining component tree species is part of thi lenge, as individual species can play an integral role in providing riparian functions, and may they be a valuable timber resource (Palik et al., 1999). One such species is northern white-cedar (Thuja occidentalis), a long-lived shade tolerant boreal and sub-boreal conifer that is characteristic of riparian forests in the Great Lakes region of North America (Burns and Honkala, 1990). In particular, northern white cedar in riparian settings can be a source of large ⇑ Corresponding author