Crystallization processes, compressibility, sinterability and mechanical properties of La-monazite-type ceramics

Lanthanide orthophosphate ceramics with monazite structure gained broad interest for several industrial applications. The crystallization processes, compressibility and sinterability of monazite-type lanthanum orthophosphate powder hydrothermally synthesized at 200 °C as well as mechanical properties of the sintered compacts were investigated. Based on a combination of thermo- and surface area analyses, X-ray diffraction as well as scanning electron microscopy studies it was found that the crystallization process occurs at ∼500 °C and the final crystallization of LaPO4 monoclinic phase takes place at 1400 °C. The sintered pellets are characterized by a density of 98% of theoretical density, a Vickers hardness of 5.7 ± 0.1 GPa and fracture toughness of 1.4 ± 0.1 MPa m0.5