Effect of water stress on gas exchange and fluorescence of selected species of tribe Panicoideae

Summary The thesis studied the effect of water deficit on gas exchange in young plants sorghum and foxtail. These crops could replace maize cultivation in some areas, because their use is similar. Our country is currently facing shortage of rainfall. In 2015, this phenomenon was very noticeable. Therefore, it is appropriate to see how the plants of sorghum and foxtail respond to water deficit during their ontogenetic development. On the water deficit are very sensitive plants in the early stages of growth, and therefore the influence of water deficit was observed on young plants of sorghum and foxtail. Plant genotypes 121, 304, Ruzrok Red and Plant foxtail were divided into four variants: KK (fully irrigated throughout the experiment) KS (14 days full of grout, 10 days water deficit, 4 days full dressing), SK (10 days water deficit, 18 days full of dressing), SS (10 days water deficit, four days filled with grout, water deficit 10 days, four days full of topping). The speed of exchange of gases were measured in the greenhouse device LCpro+ and chlorophyll fluorescence apparatus OS1 - FL. The rate of photosynthesis and transpiration and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured in the morning. The difference between the measured values of the rate of photosynthesis and transpiration value was calculated water use efficiency (WUE). Most sensitive to water deficit responded genotype 121 which had a value of water use efficiency (WUE) 9.95 (10-3) and also had the genotype and the lowest value of chlorophyll fluorescence and 0.765. Resistant to water deficit seems foxtail plants, which had the lowest photosynthesis difference between control and stressed variant in the range of 14.59 mikromol CO2.m-2.s-1 (SS) to 15.38 mikromol CO2.m-2.s-1 (KK). At the same time it also foxtail lowest difference between chlorophyll fluorescence variant KK (0.814) and SS variant (0.781). From the perspective of transpiration as most resistant to water deficit appeared foxtail (0.08 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1 (SS) to 2.13 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1 (KS)). Conversely, the least resistant genotype was 121, which was in the control variant 1.17 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1 and stressed 1.50 mmol H2O.m-2.s-1