The effect of fertilization on winter wheat yield

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of fertilization on different sites with different soil and climatic conditions on the yield and productivity parameters of winter wheat. Wheat is the most widespread cereal in the Czech Republic. In the crop rotations it occupies almost half of all grain grown and about 30% of the total sown area. Its advantages, when cultivating, are the relatively stable level of yield and quality. Long-term stationary experiments with crop rotation were established in the fall of 1996 at five sites of the Czech Republic with different soil and climatic conditions (Červený Újezd, Hněvčeves, Humpolec, Lukavec and Prague - Suchdol). In an experiment there are three crops grown in sequence: potatoes, wheat and barley. In a trial there were compared organic fertilized, mineral fertilized and combined organic with mineral fertilized plots in Červený Újezd, Hupolec and Suchdol sites. For purposes of the experiment is used sludge from WWTP in Prague. Manure and straw are used from each experimental sites. As a nitrogenous fertilizer is used ammonium nitrate with limestone, phosphorus fertilizer is triple superphosphate and potassium fertilizer is potassium salt. From the experimental results can be clearly inferred that the lowest values of all monitored parameters were achieved on the plots fertilized only with organic fertilizers. After the addition of mineral nitrogen fertilizer the levels of monitored parameters has changed significantly and thus was achieved an increase in these parameters compared to unfertilized control plot. The highest results in relation to the winter wheat yield and quality were found in Červený Újezd and the lowest in Humpolec. The highest yield of wheat grain was found in Červený Újezd on N fertilized plot (12.28 t.ha-1). The lowest yield of wheat grain was achieved in Humpolec on manure fertilized plot (3.9 t.ha-1). However, the highest response to nitrate fertilization was found in Humpolec. The lowest increase in grain yield was 207 % and 333 % increase in yield of straw compared to the control plot. The highest use of nitrogen was determined at Červený Újezd station, where the wheat consumed most of the nitrogen supplied by nitrogen fertilizers