Effectiveness and cost of car front end design for pedestrian injury prevention and the problem of conflicting requirements : a literature review.

SWOV carried out a literature review on the subject of car front end design for pedestrian injury prevention. The review is aimed at effectiveness and cost of such a design and at the problem of conflicting requirements. Such requirements are existing safety standards and common design rules on the one hand and pedestrian injury prevention solutions on the other hand. The literature findings on these subjects are discussed, conclusions are drawn and recommendations given