Add to ORKGDuring the last fifteen years, a great number of tunnels for vehicular traffic have been built in Europe. The quality of the lighting. based on fundamental research, has reached high internationally accepted standards, mainly regarding the avoidance of the "black-hole" effect and the endurance of ample adoption time at tunnel entrances, as well as the preclusion of the flicker effect and the adoption of adequately high luminance levels in the interior pf tunnels. These main issues involved in tunnel lighting have been discussed in detail, other aspects being briefly mentioned. Several examples serve as illustrative materia
This review paper discusses whether counterbeam lighting can be applied to tunnels in the Netherland...
Background: At the entrance of a tunnel, reflection of sunlight from the surrounding environment and...
AbstractBackgroundAt the entrance of a tunnel, reflection of sunlight from the surrounding environme...
Tunnels and underpasses are likely to play a greater part in our future road network. Daytime lighti...
It was felt that the standard of tunnel-lighting should be such that traffic could proceed through t...
The most difficult problems of the lighting of tunnel entrances are caused by daylight, because driv...
The major problems for the lighting of tunnels concentrate in the daytime lighting for the first par...
Several researches and international standards are focused on the problem of quantifying flicker and...
During long time the recommendations set up by the CIE have been the starting point for the design o...
During the day, the visual system of road users is adapted to the very bright daylight. When applyin...
The entrance to a long road tunnel can present itself to an approaching driver as a 'black hole' dur...
In usual low-land situations, the adaptation of the visual system of drivers /observers follows with...
The determination of the field factor that relates the visibility conditions in the laboratory to th...
In tunnel lighting practice, only the scatter in the eye, in the windscreen of the car, and in the a...
Recommendations for Tunnel lighting presented here concern the principles which underlie to the ligh...
This review paper discusses whether counterbeam lighting can be applied to tunnels in the Netherland...
Background: At the entrance of a tunnel, reflection of sunlight from the surrounding environment and...
AbstractBackgroundAt the entrance of a tunnel, reflection of sunlight from the surrounding environme...
Tunnels and underpasses are likely to play a greater part in our future road network. Daytime lighti...
It was felt that the standard of tunnel-lighting should be such that traffic could proceed through t...
The most difficult problems of the lighting of tunnel entrances are caused by daylight, because driv...
The major problems for the lighting of tunnels concentrate in the daytime lighting for the first par...
Several researches and international standards are focused on the problem of quantifying flicker and...
During long time the recommendations set up by the CIE have been the starting point for the design o...
During the day, the visual system of road users is adapted to the very bright daylight. When applyin...
The entrance to a long road tunnel can present itself to an approaching driver as a 'black hole' dur...
In usual low-land situations, the adaptation of the visual system of drivers /observers follows with...
The determination of the field factor that relates the visibility conditions in the laboratory to th...
In tunnel lighting practice, only the scatter in the eye, in the windscreen of the car, and in the a...
Recommendations for Tunnel lighting presented here concern the principles which underlie to the ligh...
This review paper discusses whether counterbeam lighting can be applied to tunnels in the Netherland...
Background: At the entrance of a tunnel, reflection of sunlight from the surrounding environment and...
AbstractBackgroundAt the entrance of a tunnel, reflection of sunlight from the surrounding environme...