Is food desirability affected by social interaction?

The experience of food can be affected by visual perception and the context in which food is presented. In this study, we investigated the effect of specific emotional contexts on food desirability. To this purpose, we selected a highly familiar Italian food, Pizza Margherita, whose sauce color was digitally manipulated to create different desirability levels. The participants rated the pizza desirability on the basis of its visual features alone (no-context condition) and, most critically, after viewing images representing facial expressions of happiness, anger and neutrality. Anger was selected, as opposed to disgust, as a food-unrelated emotion to assess whether influential effects on food desirability evoked by the observed individual\u2019s emotion state needs to be necessarily related to the eating context. Confirming previous results, we found an effect of the social context (facial expressions) on food desirability. Similarly to the no-context condition, happiness evoked the highest desirability ratings for all items compared to neutral and angry expressions, whereas the neutral and angry faces negatively affected food desirability relative to no-context and happy face conditions. These findings show that happiness is commensurate with a situation in which food is presented alone, suggesting that approach to food in healthy individuals is intrinsically related to positive emotions. Additionally, we show that food perception can be also affected by emotions, which are not necessarily related to food, but which nevertheless frame food delivery. We argue that this emotion-related effect may be grounded on resonance \u2018mirror\u2019 mechanisms allowing people to spontaneously tune to others\u2019 emotions