New risk indicator approach for Operators, Workers, Bystanders and Residents for a sustainable use of plant protection products

In 2009, the European Union adopted the Directive on Sustainable Use of pesticides (SUD, Directive 2009/128/ EC) establishing a framework for achieving a sustainable use of Plant Protection Products (PPPs) through reducing the risks and impacts of PPP use on human health and the environment, promoting integrated pest management and stimulating effective non-chemical alternatives. The core idea of the SUD is that it is necessary to monitor the use of PPPs through the implementation of an appropriate set of risk indicators to monitor progress and trends in risk reduction within the Member States. To contribute to this direction, following a comprehen- sive analysis of the risk (including procedures of risk assess- ment and risk management) and involving stakeholders in the decision process, specific toolboxes of practical indirect risk indicators of exposure of Operators, Workers, Bystanders and Residents were developed and are now available to be used by Member States (MSs) based on their specific contex