Drift-compensated low-noise frequency synthesis based on a cryoCSO for the KRISS-F1

Date of publication November 8, 2016; date of current version May 10, 2017.In this paper, we report on the implementation and stability analysis of a drift-compensated frequency synthesizer from a cryogenic sapphire oscillator (CSO) designed for a Cs/Rb atomic fountain clock. The synthesizer has two microwave outputs of 7 and 9 GHz for Rb and Cs atom interrogation, respectively. The short-term stability of these microwave signals, measured using an optical frequency comb locked to an ultrastable laser, is better than 5×10−15 at an averaging time of 1 s. We demonstrate that the short-term stability of the synthesizer is lower than the quantum projection noise limit of the Cs fountain clock, KRISS-F1(Cs) by measuring the short-term stability of the fountain with varying trapped atom number. The stability of the atomic fountain at 1 s averaging time reaches 2.5×10−14 at the highest atom number in the experiment when the synthesizer is used as an interrogation oscillator of the fountain. In order to compensate the frequency drift of the CSO, the output frequency of a waveform generator, in the synthesis chain, is ramped linearly. By doing this, the frequency stability of the synthesizer at an average time of one hour reaches a level of 10−16, which is measured with the fountain clock.Myoung-Sun Heo, Sang Eon Park, Won-Kyu Lee, Sang-Bum Lee, Hyun-Gue Hong, Taeg Yong Kwon, Chang Yong Park, Dai-Hyuk Yu, Giorgio Santarelli, Ashby Paul Hilton, Andre Nicholas Luiten, and John Gideon Hartnet