The European flounder (Platichthys flesus) is a catadromous fish species distributed along the North-East Atlantic coasts, from the Arctic polar circle to the Iberian Peninsula. For several decades, the southern limit of its distribution area is shifting towards the North of the Portuguese coast. A preliminary study on the flounder population biology has detected a specific energetic metabolism for a southern peripheral population in Portugal compared to Northern populations located in the Bay of Biscay and in the Channel. In the present study, we have combined population genetics with experimental challenges in the laboratory to improve our knowledge on the genetic structure of flounder populations over Europe, and on the potentially resul...